When to consult an orthopaedic surgeon

Bone, joint and spine problems that need a specialist — and why seeing a surgeon does not mean having surgery.

Orthopaedic surgeons treat bones, joints, ligaments, tendons and the spine. The title is misleading in one respect: a large share of orthopaedic care is not surgery. Physiotherapy, activity modification, injections and bracing come first for most conditions.

Go to an emergency department for

• A suspected fracture — deformity, inability to bear weight, or a bone through the skin.
• Sudden severe back pain with numbness in the legs or loss of bladder or bowel control.

Book a consultation for

• Joint pain that limits walking, standing, sleep or work for more than a few weeks.
• An injury that is swollen, unstable or not improving after two weeks of rest.
• Back or neck pain radiating into an arm or leg.
• Sports injuries that keep recurring.
• A second opinion before a planned joint replacement or spine operation.
• A child with a limp, gait concern or limb alignment that worries you.

Subspecialities

Joint replacement, sports injury and arthroscopy, spine, hand and wrist, trauma, and paediatric orthopaedics are distinct practices. Profiles on this site show the subspeciality so a shoulder problem reaches a shoulder surgeon.

Asking about alternatives to surgery

It is reasonable to ask any surgeon: what happens if we do nothing; what non-surgical options exist; and what the recovery actually involves. A good consultation answers all three before any decision is made.

General guidance, not advice about your situation. Not for emergencies — call 108. Errors can be reported through the corrections process.