Cap polyposis

What it is

From: Orphanet

A rare colorectal disease characterized by multiple inflammatory polyps that predominantly affect the rectosigmoid area and that manifests primarily as rectal bleeding with abnormal transit, constipation and diarrhea.

Reported clinical features and what the terms mean

The following findings are associated with this condition in Orphanet. They are not a checklist for diagnosing yourself, and they do not all occur in every affected person. Some are examination, imaging or laboratory findings that cannot be recognised at home.

The frequency labels describe how often a finding was reported among people with the condition in the source. They do not give the chance that a person with that symptom has the condition. Definitions below reproduce HPO terminology; they explain the term, not the likely severity in an individual.

Abdominal pain · Very frequent (99-80%)

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen.

Atrophic gastritis · Very frequent (99-80%)

Atrophic gastritis (AG) is a histopathological entity that is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa with loss of gastric glandular cells and replacement by intestinal-type epithelium, pyloric-type glands, and fibrous tissue.

Colorectal polyposis · Obligate (100%)

Multiple abnormal growths that arise from the lining of the large intestine (colon or rectum) and protrude into the intestinal lumen.

Constipation · Very frequent (99-80%)

Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.

Hematochezia · Very frequent (99-80%)

The passage of fresh (red) blood per anus, usually in or with stools. Most rectal bleeding comes from the colon, rectum, or anus.

Abdominal distention · Frequent (79-30%)

Distention of the abdomen.

Diarrhea · Frequent (79-30%)

Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day.

Weight loss · Frequent (79-30%)

Reduction of total body weight.

When it may begin

From: Orphanet

Adolescent; Adult; Childhood; Elderly

Inheritance in the source

From: Orphanet

Not applicable

Frequency and the population described

From: Orphanet

Reported case(s): 67.0; Worldwide. This is a published case count, not prevalence. Point prevalence: <1 / 1 000 000; Worldwide; Class only.

Which doctor should you see?

The suggested department for discussing Cap polyposis is Gastroenterology, with a gastroenterologist as the relevant type of clinician. General physician / Family Medicine; paediatrician for children. Referral depends on symptoms.

This is an editorial referral starting point. The appropriate clinic depends on the person’s age, symptoms, previous diagnosis and local services. The first clinician can decide whether another specialty or a team is needed; a department label does not confirm the diagnosis.

How to prepare for an assessment

Bring a short timeline of the main symptoms: when they first appeared, whether they are constant or episodic, what seems to change them, and how they affect daily activities. Include previous reports, discharge summaries, current medicines and supplements, allergies, and any relevant family history. A dated record is more useful than trying to match every feature in an online article.

Ask the clinician what is already established and what remains uncertain. If a test is suggested, ask what question it answers, what its limitations are and how the result would change the next step. The information here is not an instruction to arrange every possible test. In children, bring growth, developmental and school information if it is relevant to the concern.

• Which digestive symptoms or nutritional changes matter most?
• What question would an endoscopy, scan or laboratory test answer if one is proposed?
• How should persistent pain, bleeding or difficulty eating be followed up?

Treatment discussions and follow-up

The material gathered for this draft does not provide a complete condition-specific treatment pathway for Cap polyposis. That gap does not mean that treatment is unavailable. A clinician needs to establish the diagnosis and review current guidance before recommending medicines, procedures, rehabilitation or other support.

Before leaving the appointment, clarify the next review date, who will communicate results, and whom to contact if the situation changes. Discuss difficulties with sleep, work, school, mobility, eating or emotional wellbeing when these are relevant. Practical support may require coordination between the treating clinician and other services.

The collected references do not establish a complete prevention or long-term outlook section for this entry. Missing information should not be interpreted as proof that prevention is impossible or that a particular outcome is inevitable. Ask what is known for the exact subtype, stage and personal circumstances, and which uncertainties remain.

When to seek emergency help

Severe breathing difficulty, collapse, new stroke-like symptoms, a seizure that is prolonged or repeated without recovery, uncontrolled major bleeding, or an immediate risk of self-harm require emergency help. In India, call 112 or reach the nearest emergency department. This is a general, non-exhaustive warning list; it is not a condition-specific triage tool.

Questions about the diagnosis and everyday life

If Cap polyposis is only suspected, ask what other explanations are being considered and what would distinguish them. Similar symptoms can occur in different conditions. A clinician should interpret the pattern of findings, the examination and any investigations together; reading a list of features cannot establish whether this diagnosis fits.

If the diagnosis is already confirmed, ask which features are relevant to you and which are only possible features described in a broader group. Check whether changes in daily activities are needed, whether another health problem affects the plan, and whether a written summary would help other clinicians understand your care.

When comparing care options, ask about the expected benefit, the likely time needed to assess improvement, the burdens of treatment, and reasonable alternatives. If costs, travel or availability make a plan difficult, raise this during the consultation so the team can discuss a workable follow-up arrangement. Do not assume that a specialist test or treatment described in an overseas source is routinely available locally.